Over the past few years, the popularity of lithium batteries has skyrocketed. From cell phones to electric cars, these batteries are now found in almost every electronic device.
This is because they are lightweight, rechargeable, and have a long lifespan. However, with the increasing use of lithium batteries, there has been a need to find ways to ship these batteries as safely and fast as possible.
So, the big question is: Can lithium batteries be shipped by air?
Lithium batteries can be shipped by air when all set International Air Transport Association guidelines and requirements regarding UN tests, terminal protections, packaging and documentation have been met.
This guide will explore more of these questions surrounding the shipping of lithium batteries by air, including the IATA regulations and the risks associated with lithium batteries. And give the correct advice about sending lithium batteries abroad by air freight.
Shipping Lithium Batteries By Air – Regulations and Risks
Since 2016, the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) has tightened up global regulations to ensure the safe transportation of these powerful batteries. Shippers have been adapting and doing their best to comply, while regulatory agencies are constantly updating the rules to make air transport as secure as possible.
A recent change took effect on January 1, 2022, involving Section II provisions being excluded from the IATA Packing Instructions.
What does that mean? Well, it means that all packages with standalone lithium-ion or lithium-metal batteries are now considered regulated shipments. Don’t worry; I’ll give you more details in a bit.
Stand-alone Shipment Regulations
Now, let’s get to the nitty-gritty of the current air transport regulations for lithium batteries.
First things first, standalone lithium batteries are a no-go when it comes to shipping them as cargo on passenger aircraft. The ICAO banned transporting standalone lithium-ion batteries (UN3480) back in 2016, and it’s still in force. No exceptions.
The ban covers all quantities and packaging types, so there’s simply no compliant way to ship standalone lithium batteries on passenger planes without special permits or approvals.
In the United States, the PHMSA (Pipeline and Hazardous Materials Safety Administration) harmonised their regulations with the ICAO in March 2019.
They even added extra requirements for ground shipments to ensure that no lithium-ion batteries sneak onto aircraft against the rules. It’s all about keeping things in check and ensuring everyone plays by the book.
Combined Shipments Regulations
Now, let’s talk about the Section II. It used to be a provision that allowed shippers to send packages with a few(1 or 2) small batteries by air with fewer restrictions.
It was pretty convenient for those without training on extensive dangerous goods. However, Section II is no longer available for standalone battery shipments as of March 31, 2022.
What does that mean for shippers?
Well, it means that fully regulated shipments come into play. This involves a lithium battery mark, a Cargo Aircraft Only label, a Class 9 lithium battery label, and a Dangerous Goods Declaration.
You’ll also need strong, rigid outer packaging that can handle a 1.2-meter drop test. And don’t forget, everyone involved in handling these packages needs to be trained in fully regulated lithium battery transport.
There are also some other restrictions to be aware of.
For example,
- Standalone lithium-ion batteries can only be shipped by air if they have a state of charge of 30% or less.
- Regarding consignments, you can’t transport more than one package of standalone lithium-ion batteries per shipment.
- Packages can’t be placed in unit load devices and must be offered separately from other non-dangerous cargo.
It sounds like a lot, but these regulations are handy resources out there to guide you through the process of shipping lithium batteries compliantly. Check out the Lithium Battery Advisor software for some quick guidelines. It’s always better to be safe than sorry!
Why are Lithium Batteries Regulated in Transportation?
Fire Hazard
Lithium batteries contain a flammable electrolyte and high energy density, making them susceptible to overheating, ignition, and fire. If not handled correctly or subjected to certain conditions like short circuits or physical damage, they can catch fire and be difficult to extinguish. This poses a significant risk to passengers, crew, and cargo safety during transportation.
Thermal Runaway
In rare instances, lithium batteries can experience thermal runaway, a chain reaction leading to the rapid release of stored energy and the production of flammable gas. This runaway reaction can propagate to nearby batteries or combustible materials, resulting in large-scale thermal events with severe consequences. The potential for thermal runaways necessitates strict regulations to prevent accidents and mitigate the impact if such an event occurs.
Flammable Electrolyte
The flammable electrolyte used in lithium batteries increases their fire risk. If the electrolyte leaks or comes into contact with certain substances, it can ignite or contribute to the intensity of a fire. Proper packaging and handling of lithium batteries are essential to prevent leaks and minimise the chances of electrolyte-related incidents.
Environmental Concerns
Lithium batteries contain hazardous materials, including lithium, which can harm the environment if mishandled or disposed of improperly. Regulations help ensure that these batteries are transported and disposed of in an environmentally responsible manner, minimising the risk of pollution and contamination.
These dangers were highlighted in an incident aboard a Virgin Atlantic flight when an emergency landing was prompted by a power bank catching fire in the cabin. Fortunately, due to its inclusion as hand luggage, the fire was promptly detected, and catastrophe was averted.
Similarly, during a Qantas flight from Los Angeles to Melbourne, a mobile phone slipped down a passenger seat and ignited, causing a potentially dangerous situation.
These incidents have made airlines go to great lengths to ensure that their passengers and cargo arrive at their destinations safely and in one piece.
That’s why some airlines and shipping companies are now turning to specially trained dog detection teams to help prevent incidents involving lithium batteries. These dogs are able to sniff out even the smallest traces of lithium, which can help identify potentially hazardous shipments before they are loaded onto planes.
How to Ship Lithium Batteries Internationally
Shipping lithium batteries internationally requires careful adherence to regulations and safety procedures. Here is a step-by-step guide on how to ship lithium batteries internationally:
Determine the type of lithium battery being shipped: Identify whether you are shipping lithium-ion batteries (rechargeable) or lithium-metal batteries (non-rechargeable). Different regulations apply to each type.
Obtain the necessary approvals: Ensure you have the appropriate approvals and certifications required for international shipping of lithium batteries. These may include compliance with international regulations such as IATA (International Air Transport Association) Dangerous Goods Regulations or IMDG (International Maritime Dangerous Goods) Code.
Pass relevant tests: Lithium batteries must undergo specific tests to meet transportation safety standards. These tests assess factors such as packaging integrity, vibration resistance, and the ability to withstand simulated incidents without igniting or exploding.
Pack and label the batteries correctly: Use packaging materials specifically designed for shipping lithium batteries. Each battery should be individually protected and placed in sturdy, non-conductive inner packaging. Ensure that the outer packaging is strong and properly labelled with appropriate warning labels and markings indicating the presence of lithium batteries.
Protect terminals against short circuits: To prevent accidental short circuits during transportation, ensure that battery terminals are adequately insulated and protected. Use insulated terminal covers or tape to cover exposed terminals and avoid contact with conductive materials.
Train employees and follow safe handling practices: Provide training to employees involved in handling and shipping lithium batteries. They should know the hazards and safety precautions associated with lithium batteries. Encourage proper handling techniques, including avoiding dropping or crushing batteries and preventing exposure to extreme temperatures.
Follow proper documentation procedures: Complete all necessary shipping documentation accurately and thoroughly. This may include a dangerous goods declaration, a shipper’s declaration for air transport, or a bill of lading for sea transport. Ensure all required information, such as battery type, quantity, and contact details, is provided.
You should always consult the specific regulations and guidelines provided by the relevant transportation authorities and carriers in yout country. Additionally, keep yourself updated on any regulation changes to ensure compliance and safe transportation of lithium batteries internationally.
To Conclude
In wrapping up, We’ve learned that while these batteries are fantastic power sources, there are some important regulations and risks to consider when shipping them by air.
To ensure everyone’s safety, authorities have set up rules to handle these batteries properly. From packaging and labelling to documentation, following these guidelines is crucial. They seem complex, but they’re designed to keep passengers, crew, and cargo secure.
It’s not just about rules, though. Collaboration is key. Battery manufacturers, airlines, regulators, and logistics experts work together to improve safety measures. They constantly innovate with better battery technology, packaging materials, and fire suppression systems, all aimed at reducing risks.
So, the next time you need to ship lithium batteries by air, remember to stay informed, follow the guidelines, and trust in the ongoing efforts to make air transportation as secure as can be.
